Kisah Para Rasul 25:21

25:21 But when Paul appealed to be kept in custody for the decision of His Majesty the Emperor, ¹  I ordered him to be kept under guard until I could send him to Caesar.” ² 

Kisah Para Rasul 19:21

A Riot in Ephesus

19:21 Now after all these things had taken place, ³  Paul resolved ⁴  to go to Jerusalem, ⁵  passing through Macedonia ⁶  and Achaia. ⁷  He said, ⁸  “After I have been there, I must also see Rome.” ⁹ 

Kisah Para Rasul 23:11

23:11 The following night the Lord ¹⁰  stood near ¹¹  Paul ¹²  and said, “Have courage, ¹³  for just as you have testified about me in Jerusalem, ¹⁴  so you must also testify in Rome.” ¹⁵ 

Kisah Para Rasul 26:32--27:1

26:32 Agrippa ¹⁶  said to Festus, ¹⁷  “This man could have been released ¹⁸  if he had not appealed to Caesar.” ¹⁹ 

Paul and Company Sail for Rome

27:1 When it was decided we ²⁰  would sail to Italy, ²¹  they handed over Paul and some other prisoners to a centurion ²²  of the Augustan Cohort ²³  named Julius.

Kisah Para Rasul 28:16

28:16 When we entered Rome, Paul was allowed to live ²⁴  by himself, with the soldier who was guarding him.

[25:21]  ¹ tn A designation of the Roman emperor (in this case, Nero). BDAG 917 s.v. σεβαστός states, “ὁ Σεβαστός His Majesty the Emperor Ac 25:21, 25 (of Nero).” It was a translation into Greek of the Latin “Augustus.”

[25:21]  ² tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[19:21]  ³ tn Grk “all these things had been fulfilled.”

[19:21]  ⁴ tn Grk “Paul purposed in [his] spirit” (an idiom). According to BDAG 1003 s.v. τίθημι 1.b.ε the entire idiom means “to resolve” (or “decide”): “ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πνεύματι w. inf. foll. Paul resolved 19:21.”

[19:21]  ⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[19:21]  ⁶ sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

[19:21]  ⁷ sn Achaia was the Roman province of Achaia located across the Aegean Sea from Ephesus. Its principal city was Corinth.

[19:21]  ⁸ tn Grk “Achaia, saying.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence and the awkwardness in English of having two participial clauses following one another (“passing through…saying”), the participle εἰπών (eipwn) has been translated as a finite verb and a new sentence begun here in the translation.

[19:21]  ⁹ sn This is the first time Paul mentions Rome. He realized the message of Christianity could impact that society even at its heights.

[19:21]  map For location see JP4 A1.

[23:11]  ¹⁰ sn The presence of the Lord indicated the vindicating presence and direction of God.

[23:11]  ¹¹ tn Grk “standing near Paul, said.” The participle ἐπιστάς (epistas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[23:11]  ¹² tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[23:11]  ¹³ tn Or “Do not be afraid.”

[23:11]  ¹⁴ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[23:11]  ¹⁵ sn Like Jesus went to Jerusalem, Paul would now go to Rome. This trip forms the concluding backdrop to Acts. This is the second notice about going to Rome (see Acts 19:21 for the first).

[23:11]  map For location see JP4 A1.

[26:32]  ¹⁶ sn See the note on King Agrippa in 25:13.

[26:32]  ¹⁷ sn See the note on Porcius Festus in 24:27.

[26:32]  ¹⁸ tn Or “set free.”

[26:32]  ¹⁹ tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[26:32]  sn If he had not appealed to Caesar. Ultimately Agrippa and Festus blamed what Paul himself had done in appealing to Caesar for his own continued custody. In terms of Luke’s narrative, this still appears unjust and a denial of responsibility.

[27:1]  ²⁰ sn The last “we” section in Acts begins here and extends to 28:16 (the previous one ended at 21:18).

[27:1]  ²¹ sn Sail to Italy. This voyage with its difficulty serves to show how God protected Paul on his long journey to Rome. From the perspective of someone in Palestine, this may well picture “the end of the earth” quite literally (cf. Acts 1:8).

[27:1]  ²² sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.

[27:1]  ²³ tn According to BDAG 917 s.v. σεβαστός, “In σπεῖρα Σεβαστή 27:1 (cp. OGI 421) Σεβαστή is likew. an exact transl. of Lat. Augusta, an honorary title freq. given to auxiliary troops (Ptolem. renders it Σεβαστή in connection w. three legions that bore it: 2, 3, 30; 2, 9, 18; 4, 3, 30) imperial cohort.” According to W. Foerster (TDNT 7:175), “In Ac. 27:1 the σπεῖρα Σεβαστή is an expression also found elsewhere for ‘auxiliary troops.’” In no case would this refer to a special imperial bodyguard, and to translate “imperial regiment” or “imperial cohort” might give this impression. There is some archaeological evidence for a Cohors Augusta I stationed in Syria during the time of Augustus, but whether this is the same unit is very debatable.

[27:1]  sn The Augustan Cohort. A cohort was a Roman military unit of about 600 soldiers, one-tenth of a legion. There is considerable debate over the identification of this particular cohort and the meaning of the title Augustan mentioned here. These may well have been auxiliary (provincial) troops given the honorary title.

[28:16]  ²⁴ tn Or “to stay.”

[28:16]  sn Allowed to live by himself. Paul continued to have a generous prison arrangement (cf. Acts 27:3).